科罗纳多CORONADO

科罗纳多成功地敦促了西波拉人传播他的到来和美好愿望，他们中有来自西西克的代表，也就是现在我们所知道的新墨西哥的佩科斯。
Among those responding to Coronado’s successful urging of the Cibolans to spread word of his arrival and good intention were representatives from Cicúique which we currently know as Pecos, New Mexico.

(佩科斯国家历史公园(走25号公路，在圣达菲路东南方向25英里处)保存着两座西班牙教会教堂的遗迹，坐落在西西克未发掘的废墟之上。西西克是一座多层的普韦布洛社区住宅，曾容纳2000人，当人们还能看到它时，它曾是圣达菲路上的地标。)
(Pecos National Historical Park (25 miles southeast of Santa Fe via U.S. 25) preserves the ruins of two Spanish mission churches which sit above the unexcavated ruins of Cicúique a multi-story communal pueblo dwelling once housing 2,000 and which, when still visible, was a landmark on the Santa Fe Trail.)

这是马科斯·德·尼扎早些时候报告听到的阿科马的方向。1540年8月29日，卡德纳斯向西出发4天后，埃尔南多·德·阿尔瓦拉多离开哈维库向东前行，和卡德纳斯一样，科罗纳多给了他80天的时间和大约20名士兵。带领他们的是佩科斯土著人，尽管这条路比印第安人的传统路线更难走，但是阿尔瓦拉多还是想去看看阿科马。当遇到来自阿科马的人时，他们下来迎接他们，并交换礼物，然后阿尔瓦拉多继续向东走，直到在现在阿尔伯克基北部格兰德河旁的泰戈斯村落最南端扎营。代表们前来迎接他们，接着阿尔瓦拉多沿着格兰德河，继续一个村庄接着一个村庄，一直走到道奥斯。回到南角后，阿尔瓦拉多给科罗纳多捎去口信，说情况看起来不错，并被指引向东去西西克，靠近现代的佩科斯。部队在这里休息了几天。即使在那个时候，佩科斯的地理位置也很重要，是普韦布洛印第安人在布法罗平原上狩猎的必经之路。正如历史学家赫伯特·博尔顿在《科罗纳多，普韦布洛人和平原的骑士》一书中指出的那样，它是普韦布洛人和平原部落之间的战争和贸易通道，也是那些探险者、后来的商人和野牛捕杀者们穿越山脉的门户;对于圣达菲路上的圣路易斯商队，早期的盎格鲁美洲移民，内战时期的军队，以及后来建成的连接东西的铁路，它都是十分重要的。正是在那里，把他们带到这里的泰戈斯向导原谅了他们从更东边的平原部落掳来的奴隶，让他们指引他们继续往东走。他们向东行进，成为第一批看到美洲野牛的欧洲人。在地图上阿尔瓦拉多绿线的东端，当沿着加拿大河向东行进时，一个奴隶(西班牙人叫他“土耳其人，因为他长得像土耳其人”)说，如果他们往东北走，他们会发现一个富裕的国家，叫做“基维拉”。
This was in the direction of Acoma which Marcos de Nizza had earlier reported hearing of. So, on 8/29/1540 four days after Cardenas left for the west, Hernando de Alvarado left Hawikuh for the east, and, as with Cardenas, Coronado gave him 80 days and about 20 troops. Guiding them were the Pecos natives, and though the way was more difficult than customary Indian routes, Alvarado wanted to see Acoma. After meeting people from Acoma who descended to greet them and exchange gifts, Alvarado continued east until making camp at the southernmost of the Tiguex pueblos lining the Rio Grande north of present-day Albuquerque. Representatives arrived to greet them, and Alvarado responded by proceeding up the Rio Grande, pueblo by pueblo, as far as Taos. After returning to the southern point, Alvarado sent word to Coronado that things looked good, and was guided east to Cicúique, close to modern Pecos. Here the troops rested a few days. Even then, the Pecos locale was significant, serving as a gateway for Pueblo Indians going hunting on the Buffalo Plains. As historian Herbert Bolton notes in “Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains,” it was a pass for war and trade between the Pueblos and Plains tribes, and would serve as a portal through the mountains for these explorers and later traders and buffalo hunters; for St. Louis caravan traders with Santa Fe; for pioneer Anglo-American settlers; for Civil War armies; and eventually for the railroad connecting east to west. It was here that the Tiguex guides who had brought them this far excused proffered slaves they had captured from more easterly Plains tribes to guide them farther east. Heading east, they became the first Europeans to see the American Bison. At the eastern end of Alvarado’s green line on the map, while traveling east along Canadian River, one of the slaves (called by the Spanish “Turk, because he looked like one,” stated that if they would go northeast, they would find a rich country called “Quivira.”

这是一个计谋，目的是回家，希望能重获自由。他报告说，捉他的人从他那里拿走了一个金手镯。
This was a ploy to get back home and hopefully freedom. He reported having had a gold bracelet that his captor had taken from him.

反正阿尔瓦拉多的时间也快到了，他又为金矿的前景感到兴奋，于是他返回到西西克，一心要看看那只手镯，以证明土耳其人所说的话。由于土耳其捕手不愿意拿出来，阿尔瓦拉多用武力把两名代表和他们的两名奴隶带回了泰戈斯。
As Alvarado’s allotted time was nearly up anyway, and excited about the prospect of gold, he turned about and returned to Cicúique intent on seeing the bracelet as proof of what the Turk claimed. As the Turk’s captors would not present it, Alvarado took the two representatives and their two slaves by force back to Tiguex.

那时，科罗纳多认为泰戈斯是一个比西波拉更好的基地，于是派卡德纳斯去建设起来。随着冬天的到来，印第安人还没有准备好招待这么多不请自来的客人，卡德纳斯要求当地人离开阿尔坎福的普韦布洛。阿尔瓦拉多和卡德纳斯一样，在这里停下来，等待科罗纳多和其他300名士兵的到来。
By then, Coronado, having concluded Tiguex would be a better base than Cibola, had sent Cardenas to set things up. With winter coming on, and the Indians ill prepared to accommodate so many uninvited guests, Cardenas asked the natives to vacate the pueblo of Alcanfor. Alvarado stopped here to, like Cardenas, await the arrival of Coronado and the rest of the 300 troops.

一直到阿雷利亚诺带领探险队从索诺拉谷到哈维库，在那里他们休息了20天，科罗纳多才离开哈维库，他们跟着科罗纳多到达阿尔坎福。按照科罗纳多从索诺拉谷过来的路线，阿雷利亚诺发现沿途的当地人很合作，说明科罗纳多当时经过时对他们很好。
Coronado did not leave Hawikuh until Arellano had led most of the rest of the expedition from Sonora Valley to Hawikuh where they could rest 20 days until following Coronado to Alcanfor. Following in Coronado’s footsteps from Sonora Valley, Arellano had found the natives along the way cooperative, testament to Coronado’s good treatment towards them as he passed by.

但是，当科罗纳多在12月抵达阿尔坎福时，一切并没有那么平静，阿尔坎福的居民们不得不勉强接受24岁的阿尔瓦拉多接管他们的村庄。在到达的一天之内，他允许阿尔瓦拉多折磨俘虏土耳其捕手，以得到消息和金手镯。但都无济于事。
But when Coronado arrived at Alcanfor in December, things were not as peaceful, the Alcanfor residents having to make-do with 24 year old Alvarado’s takeover of their pueblo. And, within a day of arriving, he permitted Alvarado to torture the Turk’s captor for news and presentation of the golden bracelet. To no avail.

科罗纳多和他的同伴们在冬日里存活下来了，他们向大草原和附近其它地方的普韦布洛人寻求帮助。偶尔发生一些零星战斗，到了春天，当地人最终放弃了格兰德河沿岸的所有12个村落。
Coronado and company spent the rest of the winter surviving, exacting help from the rest of the pueblos lining the Rio Grande and elsewhere nearby. Occasional battles were the result and by spring, the natives had abandoned all twelve pueblos along the Rio Grande.

奥拉AURA

所以……没有......你不会想知道我在想什么  (歌词)吧。算了。
So . . . No . . . . You don't want to hear what I'm thinking  (lyrics). Never mind.

科罗纳多CORONADO

因此，除了这个“土耳其人”幻想在基维拉的富裕和奢侈生活之外，没有好像也没什么了，科罗纳多在1541年4月23日带领探险队向东进发。他满怀信心，满怀希望，又急于一举成功，于是他把所有的人聚集在阿尔加福，向东进军。
So, with nothing to go on besides the “Turk’s” phantasm of wealth and luxury living in Quivira, Coronado led the expedition east on April 23, 1541. Convinced, hopeful and desperate to win the prize with a single, powerful blow, he massed all those at Alcanfor to march east.

卡斯塔涅达亲眼目睹了这些事件，他说随从包括了1000匹马，500头牛，5000只羊，1500人，包括整个西班牙家庭和泰戈斯俘虏。沿着阿尔瓦多的路线向东，探险队在西西克(现在的佩科斯)停了下来，然后和平地离开了。他们跟着“土耳其人”继续往东走，“土耳其人”有时走在前面，有时回来给他们带路。
Castaneda, for these latter events an eye witness, states that the retinue included a thousand horses, five hundred cattle, five thousand sheep, and 1500 people including entire Spanish families and Tiguex captives. Retracing Alvardo’s way east, this expedition stopped at Cicúique (modern-day Pecos) and left peaceably. Following the Turk, they proceeded farther east, with the Turk occasionally moving on ahead and returning to guide them.