科罗纳多CORONADO

经过两年的长途跋涉，穿越了亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州、俄克拉何马州、德克萨斯州和堪萨斯州，科罗纳多写信给国王说:
After two years of trekking through Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas, Coronado wrote to the King:

弗朗西斯科·卡斯克·德·科罗纳多，《……安东尼奥·德·门多萨先生》，乔治·帕克·温希普译，《科罗纳多远征1540-1542》，(华盛顿:美国民族学局，1896年)，第582页:
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, “… al emperador …,” trans. George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896), p. 582:

"这个国家是我所见过的最好的，因为它能生产西班牙所有的产品。
"The country itself is the best I have ever seen for producing all the products of Spain.

第583页：
p. 583:

"[但是]这里不可能建立定居点，因为这里离北海有400里格，离南海超过200里格,根本不可能有任何形式的通讯，这个国家又是如此的冷,正如我之前给陛下写的信中说的,这里的冬天根本不可能过,因为没有木头,也没有布来遮盖,唯一有的只是当地人穿的兽皮和少量的一些棉花披风。
"[But] it would not be possible to establish a settlement here, for besides being 400 leagues from the North sea and more than 200 from the South sea, with which it is impossible to have any sort of communication, the country is so cold, as I have written to Your Majesty, that apparently the winter could not possibly be spent here, because there is no wood, nor cloth with which to protect the men, except the skins which the natives wear and some small amount of cotton cloaks.

我可以肯定，整个国家没有任何黄金或其它金属，他们告诉我，这里只是一些小村庄。
And what I am sure of is that there is not any gold nor other metal in all that country, and the other things of which they had told me are nothing but little villages.

第582页：
p. 582:

虽然我已经竭尽全力地去寻找，但我没有发现或听到任何消息，除非是这些省份，但这些都是微不足道的。
… although I have searched with all diligence, I have not found or heard of anything, unless it be these provinces, which are a very small affair.

赫伯特·伊·博尔顿，《科罗纳多:普韦布洛斯和平原骑士》(阿尔伯克基:新墨西哥大学出版社，1949年)，第28和34章：
Herbert E. Bolton, Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains, (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1949), chapters 28 & 34:

尽管科罗纳多宣布他打算在春季回到基维拉，从那里继续向东探索，但他和他的大多数手下都持悲观态度。1541年12月，他在阿尔加福骑马时遭遇意外，头部受到了打击，他再也没有恢复正常，变得焦虑起来，常常想家。他的大部分部队也想撤出。于是决定:1542年4月3月返回。
Though Coronado had declared his intention to return to Quivira in the Spring and explore further east from there, both he and most of his men were pessimistic. When he suffered a blow to the head in a horseriding accident in December, 1541 at Alcanfor, he was never again quite himself, brooded, and thought more of home. Most of his troops wanted out, too. Thus it was decided: Return march in April 1542.

佩德罗•德•卡斯塔涅达，“西波拉日志......”纳西拉， ~1562年，乔治·帕克·温希普译，《科罗纳多远征1540-1542》(华盛顿:美国民族学局，1896年)，第539页:
Pedro de Castañeda, “Relación de la jornada de Cíbola … ,” Nacera, ~1562, trans. George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896), p. 539:

将军继续前进，留下了那些不愿一路跟随他的人，率领不到100人到达墨西哥。[探险队在1542年6月到达墨西哥库利亚坎后正式解散。]他向总督唐·安东尼奥·德·门多萨作了报告。虽然允许他解职了，但门多萨并没有友好地接待他。从那时起，他的名声就没了。新加利西亚的政府是托付给他的，但他只保管了很短的一段时间，总督就亲自接管了它，直到法庭的到来......
The general proceeded, leaving the men who did not want to follow him all along the way, and reached Mexico with less than 100 men. [The Expedition formally disbanded after reaching Culiacan, Mexico, in June 1542.] He made his report to the viceroy, Don Antonio de Mendoza, who did not receive him very graciously, although he gave him his discharge. His reputation was gone from this time on. He kept the government of New Galicia, which had been entrusted to him, for only a short time, when the viceroy took it himself, until the arrival of the court …

后来各种关于探险的指控涉及科罗纳多和他的一些官员,尽管他过着舒适的生活,还继续从事公共事务,但是他被法院剥夺了财产。他于1554年9月2日去世，去世前三年，他44岁的时候，还在起诉想要回财产。
A variety of charges regarding the Expedition were brought against Coronado and some of his officers, and though he lived a comfortable life and continued in public affairs, he was stripped of estates by the court, and three years before his death on September 2, 1554 at the age of 44, was still suing to regain them.

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