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赫尔曼·杰·维奥拉，卡罗琳·马戈利斯编，《改变的种子:五百年纪念》(华盛顿:史密森学会出版社，1991年)，第217页:
Herman J. Viola, Carolyn Margolis, eds., Seeds of change: a quincentennial commemoration, (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991), p. 217:

"(1493年哥伦布第一次航行返回后不到两年，欧洲就经历了梅毒的流行。人们提出了各种各样的解释，但“哥伦比亚理论”似乎是最得到历史文献支持的。
"[Within two years of Columbus’ return from his first voyage in 1493, Europe experienced an epidemic of syphilis. Various explanations have been proposed, but the 'Columbian theory'] appears to be the most strongly supported by historical documents.

医学历史学家反复指出，在公元1500年以前的欧洲、阿拉伯国家或中国的医学文献中，没有任何关于梅毒的明确描述。到目前为止，还没有发现在1500年以前有关于梅毒骨骼遗骸的证据。
Medical historians have repeatedly noted the absence of any unequivocal descriptions of syphilis in the medical literature of Europe, the Arab world, or China before A.D.1500, and so far no convincing evidence of syphilitic skeletal remains are known from the Old World before l500.

还有一个证据……是印第安人对于愈创树脂的认知，这是一种从西印度群岛的树木中提取的药物，据说对治疗梅毒有特效。愈创树脂会使病人大量出汗，有可能清除自己的疾病;这是1520年代欧洲流行的治疗梅毒的方法。
Additional evidence ... is the knowledge among native Americans of guaiacum, a remedy derived from the wood of a West Indian tree, which was claimed to be effective for the treatment of syphilis. Guaiacum caused the patient to sweat freely and presumably purge himself of the malady; it was a popular treatment for syphilis in Europe in the 1520s.

当代西班牙历史学家巴托洛姆·德·拉斯·卡萨斯和贡萨洛·费尔南德斯·德·奥维耶多·瓦埃·瓦尔德斯都声称是哥伦布从新大陆带来了梅毒。
Contemporary Spanish historians Bartolomé de las Casas and Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés both claimed that Columbus brought syphilis from the New World.

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