法兰西斯·德瑞克  
Francis Drake  

科罗纳多CORONADO

维基百科:节选于2019年12月9日
Wikipedia: excerpts retrieved 9/12/2019

1563年,23岁的德雷克第一次航行到美洲……乘坐他亲戚的船队。他带领这支舰队三次航行,袭击了在西非海岸的葡萄牙城镇和船只。然后他们乘船到美洲,把俘虏的奴隶卖给西班牙的种植园。约翰·霍金斯(他的第二个表兄)被认为是第一个英国奴隶贩子。
In 1563, Drake, aged 23, made his first voyage to the Americas, …on one of a fleet of ships owned by his relatives. He made three voyages with this fleet, attacking Portuguese towns and ships on the coast of West Africa. They then sailed to the Americas and sold the captured cargoes of slaves to Spanish plantations. John Hawkins (his second-cousin) is considered to have been the first English slave-trader.

1572年,他开始了他的第一家重要的私人企业。他计划进攻巴拿马地峡,英国人称之为西班牙大陆。到了这个时候,秘鲁的金银财宝必须运上陆地,通过陆路运往加勒比海,那里的西班牙大帆船将它们运走……
In 1572, he embarked on his first major independent enterprise. He planned an attack on the Isthmus of Panama, known to the … English as the Spanish Main. This was the point at which the silver and gold treasure of Peru had to be landed and sent overland to the Caribbean Sea, where galleons from Spain would pick it up….

沿着西班牙大陆,德雷克最著名的冒险经历是1573年3月他在迪奥斯岛俘获了西班牙的银色火车。他还袭击了达连湾(现在的巴拿马)附近的水域,他们包括许多法国的武装民船船员,和从西班牙逃脱的非洲奴隶(黑奴)。他们缴获了大约20吨的金银。他们把大部分财宝埋了起来,因为这些财宝太多了,他们的队伍抬不动,还被偷走了一大笔金子。这一部分探险者尽可能多地带着那些金银,穿过18英里丛林覆盖的山脉,回到了他们当初离开袭击船只的地方。
The most celebrated of Drake's adventures along the Spanish Main was his capture of the Spanish Silver Train at Nombre de Dios in March 1573. He raided the waters around Darien (in modern Panama) with a crew including many French privateers …, and African slaves (Maroons) who had escaped the Spanish. …They had captured around 20 tons of silver and gold. They buried much of the treasure, as it was too much for their party to carry, and made off with a fortune in gold. The small band of adventurers dragged as much gold and silver as they could carry back across some 18 miles of jungle-covered mountains to where they had left the raiding boats. When they got to the coast, the boats were gone. Drake and his men, downhearted, exhausted and hungry, had nowhere to go and the Spanish were not far behind.

这时,德雷克召集了他的人,把财宝埋在海滩上,并做了一个木筏,和两名志愿者沿着海浪拍打的海岸航行10英里,到达他们离开旗舰的地方。当德雷克最终登上甲板时,他的船员们被他脏兮兮的外表吓了一跳。担心发生最坏的情况,他们问他突袭行动进行得如何。德雷克忍不住开了个玩笑,用一副无精打采的样子来取笑他们。然后他笑了,从脖子上扯下一条西班牙金项链,说:“伙计们,我们的航行成功了!”1573年8月9日,他回到了普利茅斯[英格兰]。
At this point, Drake rallied his men, buried the treasure on the beach, and built a raft to sail with two volunteers ten miles along the surf-lashed coast to where they had left the flagship. When Drake finally reached its deck, his men were alarmed at his bedraggled appearance. Fearing the worst, they asked him how the raid had gone. Drake could not resist a joke and teased them by looking downhearted. Then he laughed, pulled a necklace of Spanish gold from around his neck and said "Our voyage is made, lads!" By 9 August 1573, he had returned to Plymouth [England].

在这次探险中,他爬上了巴拿马地峡中部山区的一棵大树,从而成为第一个看到太平洋的英国人。当他看到它时,他说他希望有一天一个英国人能够在那里扬帆——它将是数年后他的环球航行的一部分。
It was during this expedition that he climbed a high tree in the central mountains of the Isthmus of Panama and thus became the first Englishman to see the Pacific Ocean. He remarked as he saw it that he hoped one day an Englishman would be able to sail it—which he would do years later as part of his circumnavigation of the world.

随着1577年巴拿马地峡突袭行动的成功,英国伊丽莎白一世派遣德雷克开始沿美洲太平洋海岸进行抗击西班牙的远征。
With the success of the Panama isthmus raid in 1577, Elizabeth I of England sent Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas.

......12月13日,德雷克和其它四艘船以及164名船员再次登上鹈鹕号扬帆起航。他很快又增加了第六艘船,玛丽号(以前叫圣玛利亚号),这是一艘葡萄牙商船,在非洲海岸附近的佛得角群岛附近被海盗劫持。他还增配了这艘船的船长,努诺·达·席尔瓦,他有着丰富的南美海域航行经验。
… Drake set sail again on 13 December aboard Pelican with four other ships and 164 men. He soon added a sixth ship, Mary (formerly Santa Maria), a Portuguese merchant ship that had been captured off the coast of Africa near the Cape Verde Islands. He also added its captain, Nuno da Silva, a man with considerable experience navigating in South American waters.

1578年9月,德雷克成功到达太平洋……德雷克驾驶着他唯一的旗舰,现在被重新命名为“金母鹿”……沿着南美洲的太平洋海岸向北进发,攻击西班牙港口并抢劫了那里的城镇。在利马附近,德雷克劫持了一艘西班牙船只,船上载有2.5万比索的秘鲁黄金,价值相当于3万7千达克特的西班牙货币(按现代标准约为900万美元)。德雷克还发现了另一艘船的消息,圣母号,这艘船正在向西驶向马尼拉。它本来会被称之为卡卡弗戈号。德雷克进行了追击,最终捕获了这艘宝船,这是他最赚钱的一次抢夺。
September 1578 Drake made it to the Pacific…. Drake pushed onwards in his lone flagship, now renamed the Golden Hind … north along the Pacific coast of South America, attacking Spanish ports and pillaging towns. Near Lima, Drake captured a Spanish ship laden with 25,000 pesos of Peruvian gold, amounting in value to 37,000 ducats of Spanish money (about nine million dollars by modern standards). Drake also discovered news of another ship, Nuestra Señora de la Concepción, which was sailing west towards Manila. It would come to be called the Cacafuego. Drake gave chase and eventually captured the treasure ship, which proved his most profitable capture.

德雷克在圣母号上发现了重达80磅(36公斤)的黄金、一个金色十字架、珠宝、13箱装满皇室盘子的箱子和26吨重的白银。对于截获这么好的一艘大帆船,德雷克很自然对自己的好运感到高兴,于是他与被俘的船上军官和绅士乘客共进晚餐。不久之后,他释放了这些俘虏,并给了他们相应的军衔和安全通行证。
Aboard Nuestra Señora de la Concepción, Drake found 80 lb (36 kg) of gold, a golden crucifix, jewels, 13 chests full of royals of plate and 26 tons of silver. Drake was naturally pleased at his good luck in capturing the galleon, and he showed it by dining with the captured ship's officers and gentleman passengers. He offloaded his captives a short time later, and gave each one gifts appropriate to their rank, as well as a letter of safe conduct.

在抢劫了卡卡福戈号之后,德雷克转向北方,尽管他没有找到一艘宝船,但据说德雷克一直向北航行到三八线的维度,并于1579年6月17日在加利福尼亚海岸登陆……与沿海的米沃克族当地人保持了友好关系,他以神的三位一体的名义将这片土地划归英国王室,并用拉丁语称之为“新不列颠”。他留下他的一些人作为一个胚胎“殖民地”。现在那里已经成为国家历史地标了,官方承认的新英格兰的位置[40],也就是加利福尼亚州的德雷克湾。
After looting the Cacafuego, Drake turned north, Although he failed to find a treasure ship, Drake reputedly sailed as far north as the 38th parallel, landing on the coast of California on 17 June 1579. … Keeping friendly relations with the Coast Miwok natives, he claimed the land in the name of the Holy Trinity for the English Crown, called Nova Albion—Latin for "New Britain". He left some of his men behind as an embryo "colony". Now a National Historic Landmark, the officially recognised location[40] of Drake's New Albion is Drakes Bay, California.

德雷克离开太平洋海岸,向西南方向航行,乘风穿越太平洋。几个月后,他到达了摩鹿加群岛,这是西太平洋上的一组岛屿,位于现在印尼的东部。在那里,金母鹿号撞上了礁石,差点失踪。水手们等了三天有利潮水,卸了货物,弃了船。作为摩鹿加群岛苏丹国王的朋友,德雷克和他的手下又与那里的葡萄牙人密谋。他在前往非洲南端的途中停了很多次,最终绕过了好望角,并在1580年7月22日到达了塞拉利昂。
Drake left the Pacific coast, heading southwest to catch the winds that would carry his ship across the Pacific, and a few months later reached the Moluccas, a group of islands in the western Pacific, in eastern modern-day Indonesia. While there, Golden Hind became caught on a reef and was almost lost. After the sailors waited three days for convenient tides and had dumped cargo, they freed the barque. Befriending a sultan king of the Moluccas, Drake and his men became involved in some intrigues with the Portuguese there. He made multiple stops on his way toward the tip of Africa, eventually rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and reached Sierra Leone by 22 July 1580.

9月26日,“金母鹿”号满载着德雷克和其他59名船员,以及大量的香料和截获的西班牙珍宝,驶进了普利茅斯。女王的一半货物份额超过了王室全年的其它收入。德雷克被誉为第一个环游地球的英国人。
On 26 September, Golden Hind sailed into Plymouth with Drake and 59 remaining crew aboard, along with a rich cargo of spices and captured Spanish treasures. The Queen's half-share of the cargo surpassed the rest of the crown's income for that entire year. Drake was hailed as the first Englishman to circumnavigate the Earth.

1581年4月4日,伊丽莎白女王在德普特福德的“金母鹿”号上授予德雷克爵士头衔。
Queen Elizabeth awarded Drake a knighthood aboard Golden Hind in Deptford on 4 April 1581.

一点零花钱 ? ? ?  (歌词)
A little spendin' money ? ? ?  (lyrics)