科罗纳多CORONADO

德·瓦卡第一次见到这些被他称为“地瓜尼斯”的岛上印第安人时，当时他和其他几位身体虚弱的海难幸存者在一起。刚开始情况看起来并不好，我要引用一下德·瓦卡的话：
These island Indians whom deVaca calls “Deaguanes” he met for the first time while with a few other weakened survivors of the shipwreck. Things didn’t look good at first, because they faced, and from here I’m going to quote deVaca:

阿尔瓦·努涅斯·卡贝萨·德·瓦卡，《关系》，译：范妮·班德尔，《阿尔瓦·努涅斯·卡贝萨·德·瓦卡家族和他的同伴从佛罗里达到太平洋的旅程》，1528-1536年，(纽约：AS巴恩斯公司，1905年)，第55-56页:
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, “La Relación… ,” trans. Fanny Bandelier, The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca and his Companions from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536,” (New York: A. S. Barnes & Company, 1905), p. 55-56:

"一百个印第安弓箭手......我们无法自卫，因为我们刚刚差不多有三个人倒下了。巡视员和我走上前去招呼他们。他们过来了，我们尽力让他们安静下来，并给他们珠子和铃铛，以保护我们自己。他们每个人都送给我一支箭，表示友谊，并通过手势告诉我们，第二天早上他们会带着食物回来，因为那时他们没有食物了。
"a hundred Indian archers …. We could not defend ourselves, as there were scarcely three of us who could stand on their feet. The inspector and I stepped for­ward and called them. They came, and we tried to quiet them the best we could and save ourselves, giving them beads and bells. Each one of them gave me an arrow in token of friendship, and by signs they gave us to understand that on the following morning they would come back with food, as then they had none.

第二天，日出的时候，这是印第安人示意我们的时间，他们按照约定来了，给我们带来了很多鱼和一些根茎.....
The next day, at sunrise, which was the hour the Indians had given us to understand, they came as promised and brought us plenty of fish and some roots ...

第57页：
p. 57:

"他们自以为有了我们送给他们的小铃铛和珠子，就很富有了。从此以后，他们每天都来看望我们，带着和以前一样的东西。
"They thought themselves very rich with the little bells and beads we gave them, and thereafter visited us daily with the same things as before.

第58页：
p.58:

"[我们试图坐一艘临时的船离开这个岛，结果船坏了，我们]，就像我们出生时一样一丝不挂，失去了一切......那是在十一月，寒冷刺骨，当时的那种状况，真的每根骨头都轻松数出来......
"[After an attempt to leave the island in a makeshift boat, an attempt which resulted in the loss of the boat, we], as naked as we had been born, had lost everything …. It was in November, bitterly cold, and we in such a state that every bone could easily be counted…

第59页：
p.59:

日落时，印第安人以为我们没有离开，就过来给我们送食物，但当他们看到我们穿着和以前不一样的衣服，而且样子很奇怪时，他们非常害怕，便往回走了。我去叫他们，他们怀着极大的恐惧来了。然后，我用手势让他们明白，我们的船沉没了，我们的三个人淹死了......看到我们遭受的灾难，我们的痛苦和悲伤，印第安人坐下来和我们一起开始哭泣......
At sunset the Indians, thinking we had not left, came to bring us food, but when they saw us in such a different attire from before and so strange-looking, they were so frightened as to turn back. I went to call them, and in great fear they came. I then gave them to understand by signs how we had lost a barge and three of our men had been drowned … “Upon seeing the disaster we had suffered, our misery and distress, the Indians sat down with us and all began to weep …

第61页：
p.61:

[印第安人把我们带到他们的住处，继续给我们鱼和根茎]，他们对我们很好，我们感到放心，多少减轻了我们会被屠杀的担忧。
[The Indians conducted us to their dwellings where they continued to provide fish and roots] and treated us so well that we became reassured, losing somewhat our apprehension of being butchered.

第63页：
p.63:

"[我们中的一些人决定再次前往新西班牙，但是]几天之后……基督徒离开了，天气变得寒冷，而且狂风暴雨的，印第安人无法去挖那些根茎了，他们过去捕鱼的地方也抓不到鱼了。由于小屋的空间有限，人们开始死亡，五个驻扎在海边的基督徒被逼到走投无路，他们开始互相残杀，直到只剩下一个......
"[A few of us decided to try again to leave for New Spain, but] a few days after these ... Christians had left, the weather became so cold and tempestuous that the Indians could no longer pull roots, and the canebrake in which they used to fish yielded nothing more. As the lodges afforded so little shelter, people began to die, and five Christians, quartered on the coast, were driven to such an extremity that they ate each other up until but one remained ...

第64页：
p.64:

"[虽然这些印第安人救了他们的命，] 印第安人听了非常震惊，在他们中间引起了一片骚动，我真的相信如果他们一开始就看到这一切，印第安人会杀了他们的，我们都会处于非常危险的境地。过了很短的时间，来到这里的我们两个队伍，共八十个人，只剩下了十五个人还活着。
"[Though these Indians had saved them from death,] at this the Indians were so startled, and there was such an uproar among them, that I verily believe if they had seen this at the beginning they would have killed them, and we all would have been in great danger. After a very short time, out of eighty men who had come there in our two parties only fifteen remained alive.

"接下来，当地人肚子不舒服，也有一半人死了。他们以为是我们害了他们，而且坚信是我们干的，于是彼此商量，要把我们剩下的也杀了。正当他们要动手的时候，其中一个印第安人告诉他们，他们的死亡与我们无关的，因为如果我们真有这么大力量，我们自己也不可能有这么多人死亡，而无法自救。
"Then the natives fell sick from the stomach, so that one-half of them died also, and they, believing we had killed them, and holding it to be certain, they agreed among themselves to kill those of us who survived. But when they came to execute it an Indian who kept me told them not to believe we were the cause of their dying, for if we had so much power we would not have suffered so many of our own people to perish without being able to remedy it ourselves.

第68-69页：
p.68-9:

他们想把我们变成药剂师......这样至少会有一些用处。因此，他们开始不提供给我们食物了，迫使我们做他们想的事。看到我们的固执，一个印第安人告诉我，觉得他说的没有，表面我还不理解.....最后，我们迫于极大的压力，不得不这样做，以免被惩罚的风险。
They wanted to make medicine men of us ... in order to be at least of some use. Thereupon they withheld our food to compel us to do what they wanted. Seeing our obstinacy, an Indian told me that I did not know what I said by claiming that what he knew was useless ... At last we found ourselves in such stress as to have to do it, without risk­ing any punishment.

因此德·瓦卡不得不听从印第安人的命令。他不是被迫留下来的。但一段时间后，
Thus de Vaca had to do the Indians’ bidding. He was not forced to stay. But after some time,

第74页：
p.74:

我再也无法忍受被迫的生活了。其中的痛苦很多，比如我得把可吃的根从水里或埋在地下的藤条中间拔出来。我的手指慢慢变得非常脆弱，哪怕碰到一根稻草，也会流血。为此，我要去工作，加入了[在大陆的]其他印第安人的行列。和他们在一起，我稍稍改善了自己的生活条件，做了一名商人，并尽我所能做到最好，他们给我食物，并善待我。
I could no longer stand the life I was compelled to lead. Among many other troubles I had to pull the eatable roots out of the water and from among the canes where they were buried in the ground, and from this my fingers had become so tender that the mere touch of a straw caused them to bleed. This is why I went to work and joined the other Indians [on the mainland]. Among these I improved my condition a little by becoming a trader, doing the best in it I could, and they gave me food and treated me well.

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