科罗纳多CORONADO

所以现在我要给你们读几本书里的一些片段，是关于他们如何前往西部去寻找那些可能有，也可能没有的黄金。嘿，你看了才知道。因为他身处西班牙的制度下，去看看好像不是很难，但是他首先还得获得去看的许可。
So now I’m going to read to you bits from a few books about how they headed west to go for the gold that might be there, might not be there. Hey, you don’t know till you look. And as if just looking wasn’t hard enough, he first had to get the right to go look, since he was working within the Spanish system.

伯纳尔·迪亚斯·德尔·卡斯蒂洛，《发现和征服墨西哥》，1517-1521年(哈珀兄弟出版社，纽约，1928年)：
Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517-21 (Harper & brothers, New York, 1928):

科尔特斯的士兵伯纳尔·迪亚斯·德尔·卡斯蒂洛讲述了后来成为佛罗里达州(“花之国”)州长的瓦埃斯之前是如何受命于古巴总督，去阻止科尔特斯远征墨西哥的。(当时在古巴，对科尔特斯的任命，反对声越来越大，古巴是西班牙的滩头阵地。)但是当瓦埃斯在墨西哥追上科尔特斯时，他的士兵们屈服于科尔特斯用墨西哥的财富为他们制造的礼物。就这样，科尔特斯扭转了局势，把瓦埃斯关押在了今天的墨西哥城达两年之久。获得电子书。
Cortes’ soldier Bernal Diaz del Castillo tells how Narvaez, the man who would become governor of La Florida (“Land of the Flowers”) had previously been commissioned by the governor of Cuba to interrupt Cortes’ expedition to Mexico. (Opposition to Cortes’ appointment had increased in Cuba, the Spanish beachhead for such efforts.) But when Narvaez caught up with Cortes in Mexico, his soldiers succumbed to the gifts Cortes made them out of the wealth of Mexico. Thus was Cortes able to turn the tables and hold Narvaez prisoner for two years in present day Mexico City.Get ebook

乔治·帕克·温希普，《科罗纳多探险队1540-1542》(华盛顿：美国民族学局，1896年)：
George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896):

指出在科尔特斯赢得西班牙国王的支持后，再次通过来自墨西哥的礼物，瓦埃斯在西班牙的朋友得到了释放瓦埃斯的皇家命令。那两年，看到科尔特斯鸿运当头，所以瓦埃斯回到西班牙后，向国王申请许可，让他自己去探索新大陆。于是，瓦埃斯获得了征服墨西哥湾海岸(从佛罗里达到德克萨斯，当时都叫佛罗里达)的许可，然后立即着手行动。
points out that after Cortes won the support of the Spanish King, again by gifts out of Mexico, Narvaez’ friends in Spain got a royal order releasing Narvaez. With two years to appreciate Cortes’ lucky strike close-up, Narvaez returned to Spain to ask the King for a license to himself explore in the New World. With permission granted to conquer the Gulf Coast ( Florida to Texas, all called Florida at the time), Narvaez immediately set about it.

阿尔瓦·努涅斯·卡贝萨·德·瓦卡，《关系》，译：范妮·班德尔，《阿尔瓦·努涅斯·卡贝萨·德·瓦卡家族和他的同伴从佛罗里达到太平洋的旅程》，1528-1536年，(纽约：AS巴恩斯公司，1905年)，第1页:
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, “La Relación… ,” trans. Fanny Bandelier, The Journey of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca Famy and his Companions from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536,” (New York: A. S. Barnes & Company, 1905), p.1:

"1527年，6月27日，州长潘菲洛德·瓦埃斯带着荣耀和使命，离开圣卢卡德巴拉米达港口，去征服和统治从棕榈树河(里约热内卢Grande)到佛罗里达州海角的这些大陆省份。他所带的船队，有五艘船，大概有600多人。"
"On the 27th day of the month of June, 1527, the Governor Panfilo de Nar­vaez departed from the port of San Lucar de Barrameda, with authority and orders from Your Majesty to conquer and govern the provinces that extend from the river of the Palms [Rio Grande] to the Cape of the Florida, these provinces being on the main land. The fleet he took along consisted of five vessels, in which went about 600 men."

他在古巴停留了一段时间，重新调整了一下他的舰队，然后继续向管辖范围的最西端(现在的德克萨斯州)进军。但就像卡贝扎·德·巴卡描述的那样，当他一切就绪并等待风暴结束以后，差不多过了一年他们才到达美洲大陆，在4月12日看到了陆地。但是，由于一场风暴和强劲的海湾洋流，他和他剩下的400名士兵反而到达了坦帕湾，他们一直认为他们来到了现在的德克萨斯。瓦埃斯还是向西进发，派出了三艘补给船(后来不见了)，带着剩下的300名士兵和50匹马进入了陆地。
Stopping in Cuba just long enough to refit his fleet, he proceeded to aim for the westernmost limit of his jurisdiction (present day Texas). But by the time he was ready and then waited out storms etc. that Cabeza de Vaca describes, it was nearly a year later that they made it to the American continent, sighting land on April twelfth. But, because of a storm and the strong Gulf currents, he and his remaining 400 men arrived instead at Tampa Bay, all the while thinking they must have reached what is now Texas. Narvaez pressed westward anyway, sending out three supply ships (which disappeared) and proceeded with the remaining 300 men and 50 horses over land.

赫伯特·伊·波顿，《科罗纳多：普韦布洛斯与平原骑士》，（阿尔伯克基:新墨西哥大学出版社，1949年），第8-9页：
Herbert E. Bolton, Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains, (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1949), pp. 8-9:

故事是这样的：瓦埃斯开始寻找一个叫凯尔的地方，据佛罗里达印第安人说，那里的居民像酋长一样戴着金色的帽子。后来他发现这是假的，而且当地人对他充满敌意，于是他继续向西到塔拉哈西附近。面对更多的印第安人的敌意，瓦埃斯和他的队伍(现在有250人)因为缺乏食物而吃掉了剩余的马匹，制造了5只马皮船，然后继续海上旅行。
lays it out: Narvaez began by seeking a place called Cale, whose inhabitants the Florida Indians said wore golden hats like chiefs. Finding this to be false and the natives hostile, he proceeded west to about Tallahassee, also rumored of promise. Meeting more Indian hostility, Narvaez and company (now 250 men) killed the remainder of the horses they had been eating for lack of other sustenance, made five horsehide boats, and resumed the journey by sea.

他们确实到达了今天的加尔维斯顿岛，但那里的一场飓风摧毁了大部分实力。
They did get as far as present day Galveston Island, but a hurricane there finished off the bulk of this force.

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